World of Secrects

MAINFRAMES COND Parameter

2012-02-12T19:28:00.001+05:30

COND Parameter, Job Abend

Q. What is Return-Code(Condition Code)?

When you run COBOL Programs by typing a Job, and submitting it, how do you tell, whether the COBOL Program ran fine, or not? COBOL Programs use Code-Language to tell you about their success/failure. When a COBOL Program runs, it leaves behind a signature(trail) in the form of a 2-Digit Status Code, that indicates whether the COBOL Program completed successfully, or it completed with errors. This 2-digit number trail left behind by a COBOL Program, to indicate its success or failure is called Return-Code(Condition Code).

I've written a job SYSADMB that's running the ready-made program IEFBR14 in //STEP01, and IEBGENER free program in //STEP02.

As I said, whenever COBOL Programs complete, they set a COND CODE, to indicate if they completed successfully, or completed with errors. The log-report of the job would display the COND CODE set by the COBOL Program.

The picture below shows the JESYSMSG Listing in the Spool. //STEP01 that runs IEBR14 COBOL Program has set COND CODE = 00. This means IEFBR14 completed without errors successfully. //STEP02 that runs IEBGENER COBOL Program has set COND CODE = 00. This implies IEBGENER was able to copy the contents from //SYSUT1 file to //SYSUT2 File, without any errors successfully.

Thus, Return Code(Condition-code) is set by the COBOL Program to send out signals to the outside-world, a code 0 could be Successful Completion, a code 5 could mean completed with warnings, a code 10 could stand for Bad-Input-Data etc. In other words, Return Code(COND CODE) represents communication from the COBOL Program to the Outside-world.

Q. How do I know, what's a good condition-code and what's a bad one?

The COBOL Program sets the COND CODE. If you have written your own custom COBOL Program, you are the COBOL Programmer, you would set the Return-Codes in the COBOL Program. You know what each Condition-Code would mean.

But, what if you haven't written the COBOL Program – say it's your friend's COBOL Program, or think of the ready-made free programs supplied to you by IBM like IEBGENER or SORT. How do you tell what's a good acceptable Condition-code, from IEBGENER and which are bad condition-codes? Well, most Programs come along with a documentation manual, which if you read, you would know, what the Program does, and the possible COND CODE that the Program sets.

Generally IBM Software such as the free programs IEBGENER, SORT, IEFBR14, IEBPTPCH, compiler IGYCRCTL, Linkage Editor IEWL and other ready-made utility programs, follow this convention with the COND CODE Values -

COND CODE 00 – Program execution was completely successful.
COND CODE 04 – Program execution was successful, but with warnings.
COND CODE 08 – Program execution was seriously flawed, it failed.
COND CODE 12 – Program execution was very seriously flawed, severe errors.
COND CODE 16 – Program execution disastrously failed.

Q. What is COND Parameter?

In a multi-step job-stream, that contains several steps, you often wish to turn off a certain step. When you want to turn off(shut off) a step, when you don't want to run a step in a Job(JCL), you code the COND Parameter on the EXEC Statement. Thus, COND Parameter is used to turn-off or skip a step.

I've written a simple ten-step Toy Job to illustrate the idea – how you can turn-off or skip steps using COND.

When you code COND Parameter on a Step, before running the step, first the COND condition is gonna be checked. If the COND Condition is true, the step is turned-off(shut off) or flushed. Only when the condition is false, then the step runs. In the above example, //STEP03 runs the ready-made free program IEFBR14. Suppose IEFBR14 completes successfully and sets COND CODE = 00. Before running //STEP05, first COND Condition is checked.
Ask yourself the question, Is 0 EQ(Equal to) STEP03's COND CODE? As 0 EQ 00, the COND Condition is satisfied, so the //STEP05 will be turned-off or skipped off.

Why is this useful? Think about it, say you've written a 3-step Compile-Link-Go job, to compile your own custom COBOL Program, Link-Edit it and then run it. If your program is syntactically correct, the compiler is able to compile successfully and issues a COND CODE 00. You go ahead and Link the Program, and then run it.

But, what if your COBOL Program is faulty? The Compiler completes with errors and issues a COND CODE 08. If the compiler issues errors, there is no point in continuing with further Link-editing processing. You would want to go back and correct your COBOL Program first. So, I want to shut-off the //LINK Step, if the compiler issues severe errors, and the //COMPILE Step leaves behind a COND CODE Greater than 4(like an 08, or a 12).

Let me put it this way -
Turn-off(Do not execute) the //LINK Step,
if 4 Less Than(LT) COND CODE of //COMPILE

//LINK EXEC PGM=IEWL,COND=(4,LT,COMPILE)

Makes sense doesn't it? Let me go a step further and say, you don't want to run the Program either if the Compiler issues errors, or if the Link-Editor fails. Look at the GO Step below -

//GO EXEC PGM=*.LINK.SYSLMOD,
// COND=((4,LT,COMPILE),(4,LT,LINK))

This COND is saying, "If 4 is less than the COND CODE of the //COMPILE Step, or if 4 is less than the COND CODE of the //LINK Step, in either of the cases, turn-off(shut off) the //GO Step". We wouldn't try and //GO if either the //COMPILE or the //LINK edit failed. This is fairly easy to grasp.

Q. What is the general format of COND?

The general pattern of coding COND Parameter on the EXEC Statement is -
COND=(value,operator,step-name)

For example,

This tests the COND CODE of //STEP03. The mantra you would recite is,
Do NOT execute this step, if 4 is Less Than(LT) COND CODE of //STEP03.

But what if, you want to turn-off(skip) //STEP05, if any of the prior steps – either //STEP01, or //STEP02, or //STEP03, or //STEP04 fails? You do not want to test for the COND CODE of a fixed particular step, but in general you wanna test for the COND CODE of any prior(previous) step. That's when you don't type an explicit step-name like //STEP03, but instead leave it blank.

The COND says, Do Not Execute this step, if 4 is Less Than(LT) the
COND CODE set by any of the previous(prior) steps.

If you want to make a Compound-test(a test involving two to eight individual tests), you code COND in this way.

Q. What is a Job Abend?

When good and well-designed Programs encounter an exceptional error, they trap it, and set a non-zero return code and terminate grace-fully. Bad return codes are one thing. But, sometimes the Program attempts to execute an instruction at the machine code level, which is logically impossible to perform. The MVS OS has to kill the program. This abnormal termination of the program or crash is called an Abend. Every Abend leaves behind a System Abend-Code Sxxxx-yyy.

There are also other problems like, Out-of-Space Issues(Too less space to create a dataset), I-O Errors while opening a dataset, the dataset not being available that cause a crash - an Abend.

Look at the toy-job, in the picture below. There are ten steps in this toy job, each step runs a program.

Each step STEP010, STEP020, STEP030, STEP040 runs the free ready-made COBOL Program IEFBR14. I have coded STEP050 to manually raise an Abend – it runs S806 program(well there's no such program really by the name S806), so the job abends at STEP050(Load Module not found – abend code S806).

When the job abends at STEP050, the job is in a hurry(rush) to go to the Abend Exit Door. The Operating System says, "Nothing doing, you'll be kicked out, flushed!". The job can no longer continue any further processing on the Mainframe Computer, all the remaining steps STEP060, STEP070, STEP080, STEP090 and STEP100 are flushed(skipped), and the job is kicked out to the Output Queue Area.

When I hit Submit, on the 10-step toy job, STEP010 runs successfully, STEP020 runs, STEP030 runs fine, STEP040 runs and then kaboom! At STEP050, the job abends, as the Program(Load) that you wanna run is not found – it sets an Abend-Code S806. The job is kicked out to the Output Queue, and all the remaining steps are flushed out, skipped – no further processing can continue. So, STEP060, STEP070, STEP080, STEP090 and STEP100 everything gets flushed.

The log-report of the job, as seen in the Spool is shown in the picture below.

As shown the job abends at STEP050 with abend-code S806, Load Module not found. In the picture below, all the successive steps STEP060, STEP070, STEP080 and so on, have been flushed.

Q. What is COND=EVEN and COND=ONLY?

To understand what EVEN and ONLY do, you need bear in mind, that the MVS OS "sees" every job running either in the Normal Processing Mode, or in the Abnormal Termination Mode. Of course, when you hit SUB on a job, all jobs start out in the Normal Processing Mode. If everything goes well, the job completes successfully. Sometimes, due to a fatal error, which the program is unable to handle(for example Bad Data – S0C4 Error), the program gets killed or terminated.

When a program Abends, and the job goes into Abnormal Termination Mode, it is in a hurry(rush) to go to the Abend-Exit door, and no further processing is allowed to continue, all the remaining steps are flushed out(skipped), and the job is kicked out to the Output Queue. In this rush, if you still want stick your foot out in this process, and say, "Hey wait a minute, I still want to run this step!". Ordinarily, MVS will simply flush out all the remaining successive steps, after a program fails. But, coding an EVEN or ONLY allows you to run some last-minute steps, when a job abends.

When you code a COND=EVEN on a step, its like Force-executing a step. When you code

//STEP070 EXEC PGM=IEFBR14,COND=EVEN

it reads as, even if the job abends at any of the previous steps, force-run this STEP070. Even if the job is in Abnormal Termination Mode, run this step! Abend or no-abend, doesn't matter, always run this STEP070. No matter, whether the job is Normal-Processing Mode or Abnormal-Termination mode, always run this step, darn it! Thus, coding a COND=EVEN forces the step //STEP070 to run, even if the job is in Abnormal Termination mode, which would have otherwise flushed-out(skipped) all the remaining steps.

In the ten-step toy-job below, when I hit SUB on the job, the job blows-up(abends) at STEP050.

The Log report of the above job in Spool is shown in the picture below. At STEP050 the job abends with an Abend code S806 – Load Module Not found. STEP060, STEP080, STEP090 and STEP100 are flushed(skipped). COND=EVEN causes STEP070 to run.

When you code a COND=ONLY on a step, it runs the step ONLY when the job abends. ONLY causes a step to run, only if the job is already in Abnormal Termination Mode. For example, when I code -

//STEP070 EXEC PGM=IEFBR14,COND=ONLY

It implies, run STEP070 only if the job abends at any of the previous steps. If the job is in Normal Processing mode, don't run this step.

Neither EVEN nor ONLY do any checking on COND CODE(Return Code) Values.

Know u'r Mobile Number?

2012-02-10T16:43:00.001+05:30

How to know my mobile number?

idea – *112#
vodafone – *777*0#,*121*0#
docomo – *580#
uninor – *1#
reliance – *1#

they r all working as of now....

Esxcfg command Help

2012-01-07T20:59:00.002+05:30

Jump
To:
Networking: Esxcfg-firewall
Esxcfg-nics Esxcfg-vswitch
Esxcfg-vswif
Esxcfg-route
Esxcfg-vmknic

Storage: Esxcfg-mpath Esxcfg-nas Esxcfg-swisci
Esxcfg-vmhbadevs
General: Esxcfg-advcfg
Esxcfg-auth Esxcfg-info Esxcfg-resgrp Esxcfg-upgrade
Boot/Diagnostic: Esxcfg-boot Esxcfg-dumppart Esxcfg-init
Esxcfg-linuxnet Esxcfg-module

Esxcfg-firewall
Description: Configures the service
console firewall ports
Syntax: esxcfg-firewall

Options:

-q	Lists current settings
-q	Lists settings for the specified service
-q incoming\|outgoing	Lists settings for non-required incoming/outgoing ports
-s	Lists known services
-l	Loads current settings
-r	Resets all options to defaults
-e	Allows specified service through the firewall (enables)
-d	Blocks specified service (disables)
-o	Opens a port
-c	Closes a port previously opened by –o
-h	Displays command help
-allowincoming	Allow all incoming ports
-allowoutgoing	Allow all outgoing ports
-blockincoming	Block all non-required incoming ports (default value)
-blockoutgoing	Block all non-required outgoing ports (default value)

Default Services:

AAMClient	Added by the vpxa RPM: Traffic between ESX Server hosts for VMware High Availability (HA) and EMC Autostart Manager – inbound and outbound TCP and UDP Ports 2050 – 5000 and 8042 – 8045
activeDirectorKerberos	Active Directory Kerberos - outbound TCPs Port 88 and 464
CIMHttpServer	First-party optional service: CIM HTTP Server - inbound TCP Port 5988
CIMHttpsServer	First-party optional service: CIM HTTPS Server - inbound TCP Port 5989
CIMSLP	First-party optional service: CIM SLP - inbound and outbound TCP and UDP Ports 427
commvaultDynamic	Backup agent: Commvault dynamic – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 8600 – 8619
commvaultStatic	Backup agent: Commvault static – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 8400 – 8403
ftpClient	FTP client - outbound TCP Port 21
ftpServer	FTP server - inbound TCP Port 21
kerberos	Kerberos - outbound TCPs Port 88 and 749
LicenseClient	FlexLM license server client - outbound TCP Ports 27000 and 27010
nfsClient	NFS client - outbound TCP and UDP Ports 111 and 2049 (0 – 65535)
nisClient	NIS client - outbound TCP and UDP Ports 111 (0 – 65535)
ntpClient	NTP client - outbound UDP Port 123
smbClient	SMB client - outbound TCP Ports 137 – 139 and 445
snmpd	SNMP services - inbound TCP Port 161 and outbound TCP Port 162
sshClient	SSH client - outbound TCP Port 22
sshServer	SSH server - inbound TCP Port 22
swISCSIClient	First-party optional service: Software iSCSI client - outbound TCP Port 3260
telnetClient	NTP client - outbound TCP Port 23
TSM	Backup agent: IBM Tivoli Storage Manager – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 1500
veritasBackupExec	Backup agent: Veritas BackupExec – inbound TCP Ports 10000 – 10200
veritasNetBackup	Backup agent: Veritas NetBackup – inbound TCP Ports 13720, 13732, 13734, and 13783
vncServer	VNC server - Allow VNC sessions 0-64: inbound TCP Ports 5900 – 5964
vpxHeartbeats	vpx heartbeats - outbound UDP Port 902

Note: You can configure your own services in the file
/etc/vmware/firewall/services.xml

esxcfg-firewall
examples:
Enable ssh client connections from the
Service Console:
# esxcfg-firewall -e sshClient
Disable the Samba client connections:
# esxcfg-firewall
-d smbClient
Allow syslog outgoing
traffic:
# esxcfg-firewall -o
514,udp,out,syslog
Turn off the
firewall:
# esxcfg-firewall -allowIncoming
#
esxcfg-firewall -allowOutgoing
Re-enable the
firewall:
# esxcfg-firewall -blockIncoming
#
esxcfg-firewall –blockOutgoing

Esxcfg-nics
Description: Prints a list of physical network adapters along with information
on the driver, PCI device, and link state of each NIC. You can also use this
command to control a physical network adapter’s speed and
duplexing.
Syntax:
esxcfg-nics [nic]

Options:

-s	Set the speed of this NIC to one of 10/100/1000/10000. Requires a NIC parameter.
-d	Set the duplex of this NIC to one of 'full' or 'half'. Requires a NIC parameter.
-a	Set speed and duplex automatically. Requires a NIC parameter.
-l	Print the list of NICs and their settings.
-r	Restore the NICs configured speed/duplex settings. (Internal use only)
-h	Displays command help

esxcfg-nics
examples:
Set the speed and duplex of a NIC
(vmnic2) to 100/Full:
esxcfg-nics -s 100 -d full
vmnic2
Set the speed and duplex of a NIC (vmnic2)
to auto-negotiate:
esxcfg-nics -a vmnic2

Esxcfg-vswitch
Description: Creates and updates
virtual machine (vswitch) network settings
Syntax: esxcfg-vswitch
[vswitch[:ports]]

Options:

-a	Add a new virtual switch.
-d	Delete the virtual switch.
-l	List all the virtual switches.
-L	Set pnic as an uplink for the vswitch.
-U	Remove pnic from the uplinks for the vswitch.
-p	Specify a portgroup for operation. Use ALL for operation to work on all portgroups
-v	Set VLAN ID for portgroup specified by -p. 0 would disable the VLAN.
-c	Check to see if a virtual switch exists. Program outputs a 1 if it exists, 0 otherwise.
-A	Add a new portgroup to the virtual switch.
-D	Delete the portgroup from the virtual switch.
-C	Check to see if a portgroup exists. Program outputs a 1 if it exists, 0 otherwise.
-r	Restore all virtual switches from the configuration file (Internal use only)
-h	Displays command help

esxcfg-vswitch examples:
Add a pnic (vmnic2) to a vswitch (vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch -L vmnic2 vswitch1
Remove a pnic (vmnic3) from a vswitch (vswitch0):
esxcfg-vswitch -U vmnic3 vswitch0
Create a portgroup (VM Network3) on a vswitch
(vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch -A "VM Network 3"
vSwitch1
Assign a VLAN ID (3) to a portgroup (VM
Network 3) on a vswitch (vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch
-v 3 -p "VM Network 3" vSwitch1

Esxcfg-vswif
Description: Creates and updates service console network settings. This
command is used if you cannot manage the ESX Server host through the VI Client
because of network configuration issues.
Syntax: esxcfg-vswif
[vswif]

Options:

-a	Add vswif, requires IP parameters. Automatically enables interface.
-d	Delete vswif.
-l	List configured vswifs.
-e	Enable this vswif interface.
-s	Disable this vswif interface.
-p	Set the portgroup name of the vswif.
-i or DHCP	The IP address for this vswif or specify DHCP to use DHCP for this address.
-n	The IP netmask for this vswif.
-b	The IP broadcast address for this vswif. (not required if netmask and ip are set)
-c	Check to see if a virtual NIC exists. Program outputs a 1 if the given vswif exists, 0 otherwise.
-D	Disable all vswif interfaces. (WARNING: This may result in a loss of network connectivity to the Service Console)
-E	Enable all vswif interfaces and bring them up.
-r	Restore all vswifs from the configuration file. (Internal use only)
-h	Displays command help.

Note: You can set the Service Console
default gateway by editing the /etc/sysconfig/network file or through the VI
Client under Configuration, DNS & Routing.

esxcfg-vswif
examples:
Change your Service Console (vswif0)
IP and Subnet Mask:
esxcfg-vswif -i 172.20.20.5 -n
255.255.255.0 vswif0
Add a Service Console
(vswif0):
esxcfg-vswif -a vswif0 -p "Service
Console" -i 172.20.20.40 -n 255.255.255.0

Esxcfg-route
Description: Sets or retrieves the default VMkernel gateway
route
Syntax:
esxcfg-route [ [] ]

can be specified in 2 ways: as a single argument in
/ format or as a
pair.
is either an IP address or 'default'

Options:

-a	Add route to the VMkernel, requires network address (or 'default') and gateway IP address.
-d	Delete route from the VMkernel, requires network address (or 'default').
-l	List configured routes for the Service Console.
-r	Restore route setting to configured values on system start. (Internal use only)
-h	Displays command help

esxcfg-route examples:
Set the VMkernel default gateway route:
esxcfg-route 172.20.20.1
Add a
route to the VMkernel:
esxcfg-route -a default
255.255.255.0 172.20.20.1

Esxcfg-vmknic
Description: Creates and updates
VMkernel TCP/IP settings for VMotion, NAS, and iSCSI
Syntax: esxcfg-vmknic
[[portgroup]]

Options:

-a	Add a VMkernel NIC to the system, requires IP parameters and portgroup name.
-d	Delete VMkernel NIC on given portgroup.
-e	Enable the given NIC if disabled.
-D	Disable the given NIC if enabled.
-l	List VMkernel NICs.
-i	The IP address for this VMkernel NIC. Setting an IP address requires that the -n option be given in same command.
-n	The IP netmask for this VMkernel NIC. Setting the IP netmask requires that the -i option be given in the same command.
-r	Restore VMkernel TCP/IP interfaces from configuration file. (Internal use only)
-h	Displays command help

esxcfg-vmknic examples:
Add
a VMkernel NIC and set the IP and subnet mask:
esxcfg-vmknic -a "VM Kernel" -i 172.20.20.19 -n 255.255.255.0

Auto-Sweep Account

2012-01-07T20:54:00.000+05:30

Why you should enable Auto Sweep in your Bank Account

Do you have a Bank Account? Off-course you do! How much money do you have in your account? 5,000? 20,000? or a few lacs? If you have a lot of cash, lying idle in your Bank Account, and at the same time you don’t want to commit to long-term investment, you need to enable the Auto-Sweep facility in your Savings Bank account. This will make sure you earn good interest on a major part on the cash lying in your Savings account.

What is Auto-Sweep Account ?
“Auto Sweep” is a facility which provides, the combined benefits of a Savings Bank account and Fixed Deposits. Auto-Sweep facility interlinks your saving bank account with a Deposit account and makes sure any extra amount lying in your bank account above a threshold limit is automatically transferred to Fixed deposits and you earn better interest on your money.
How ‘Auto Sweep’ works?
This is how Auto-Sweep works. You define a “threshold limit”, and money up to that limit will be in the form of cash in your savings account and any amount above this, “limit” will automatically be converted into a Fixed Deposit and you will start earning normal FD returns on that part of the money. At any point in time, if you need money more than is lying in your bank account, the money lying in the Fixed Deposits is Reversed-sweeped into your savings account and you can withdraw the amount you wish.
Example
Ajay opens a new Savings Bank account with SBI. He enables Auto-Sweep facility on his savings bank account and defines the threshold limit of Rs 30,000 . Now suppose he has Rs 10,000 lying in the bank, He will be earning normal 3-3.5% interest on this money. After that if he deposits Rs 60,000 in his account, his total balance would be 70,000. But as this is above his “threshold limit”, the extra amount of 40,000 will be converted into a fixed deposit automatically and start earning returns equal to normal Fixed deposits with SBI (for example 8%). This way he always has 30,000 in his account for his daily requirements, and he has 40,000 converted into Fixed deposits which again is available to him incase he requires it.
Now suppose he has to withdraw 10,000 from his account, he will actually withdraw it from the cash lying in saving bank , and his balance will reduce to 20,000. However on the other hand if he wants to withdraw Rs 50,000 . then in that case, as his account balance will be just 30,000, an additional Rs 20,000 will be auto-reversed from his Fixed Deposit and he can withdraw total 50,000 .
Opportunity cost
A lot of us don’t bother about how much idle money is lying in our account and for how long. This happens because we think “I might need it soon, so lets not commit to any investment.” But then, the money keeps lying in the bank for months and months and sometimes even years.
Suppose your account has Rs 1 lac for 1 year, it will earn 3.5% interest on it, which is Rs 3,500 for a year. However if you have auto-sweep enabled in your savings account with threshold limit of Rs 20,000, the additional 80,000 will actually be in form of a fixed deposit and it will earn an interest of 8% (assumption). In this, you will earn 3.5% of 20,000 which turns out to be Rs 700 and 8% of 80,000 which is Rs 6,400 , a total of 7,100 , which is almost 100% more than the first case .
A lot of people have much more than 1 lac in their accounts, not just 1 lac. You can earn some extra returns if you just enable auto-sweep on your saving account . So find out if your bank provides the facility, just do it, and get it right away!
Also note that different banks have different names for this facility. For eg., ICICI Bank calls it ”Auto Sweep” , HDFC Bank calls it “Sweep-In” account , and SBI calls it “Saving Plus.” . Here is a list of other banks and the name by which they call this Auto-Sweep facility (thanks for Gopal Gidwani for the info)
IDBI Bank – Sweep-in Savings Account
Axis Bank – Encash 24
Union Bank – Union Flexi Deposit
HDFC Bank – Super Saver Facility
Bank of India – BOI Savings Plus Scheme
Oriental Bank of Commerce – Flexi Fixed Deposit Scheme
State Bank of India – Multi Option Deposit Scheme
Allahabad Bank – Flexi-fix Deposit
Bank of Maharashtra – Mixie Deposit Scheme
Corporation Bank – Money Flex
United Bank of India – United Bonanza Savings Scheme
Disadvantages of Auto-Sweep Account
Auto-Sweep has some disadvantages too. In general the interest rates of normal fixed deposit and FDs under Auto-Sweep are same, but some banks charge a penalty if the FD under auto-sweep accounts are broken before some duration like 1 yr and 1 day . But I think that’s fine. If not 8% , you will at least get 7%, still better than 3.5% .
Some banks are also known to give simple interest on the Auto-sweep Fixed Deposits and not compound interest as in case of normal fixed deposits .
Don’t over do it
While Auto-sweep is a wonderful thing for salaried class people who want to maintain liquidity, as well as want to earn more interest on their unused money, one should not over do it. If you are very sure that the money lying in your account will really not be used for long, better to use the normal Fixed deposit or Debt funds. Only if you are unsure of your money lying in bank and when you might need it, you should be using Auto-Sweep facility.
The way auto-sweep works, it makes it an ideal place to park emergency funds . So if you have kept 6 months of expenses as your emergency fund in Saving Bank, then you can enable auto-sweep facility and set threshold limit as 2-3 months of expenses, so that rest of the money can earn a better interest.

6 foods to help you have great sex

2011-09-14T22:45:00.001+05:30

6 foods to help you have great sex

They say sex is a great stressbuster. They are right because love-making has been found to relive the pressure of the burdens of life, ease stress, soothe chronic aches and pains, spur creativity and rev up the energy levels.

Experts say that anything that makes you feel good, alive and physically excited will make you feel as if you've shed years. And all these things are associated with sex.

You are probably aware of the basics of terrific sex, but let us suggest you a few aphrodisiacs which can add zing to your sex life.

Figs have been found to be brimming with minerals like magnesium, manganese and zinc and also Vitamin E. All of them can do wonders to spice up your sex life.

The flashy-red watermelons contain a substance called citrulline, which sends the body the signals to release arginine, which relaxes blood vessels. This produces an effect similar to Viagra. And need we give you details about what Viagra does?

You've tried whiskly, you've tried wine but didn't feel the buzz. Pick a bottle of champagne and feel the difference. It enters the bloodstream faster than the wine does, so make sure you don't drink too much of it. Many champagnes have been found to have the same amount of antioxidants as red wine.

The Red Hot Chilli Peppers can bring out the hotness in you. They help recreate the symptoms of arousal: flushed cheeks, a quiver on your tongue, and more kissable lips. They also up the heat in the body.

Cheese releases 10 times more endorphins than the great ol' aphrodisiac - Chocolate. It will help you set the right mood.

Chocolate has been your trusted friend when it comes to having a great sex. You just need to maintain the bond. Its aphrodisiac property has been ascribed to two chemicals. One, tryptophan, which is the building block of serotonin, a brain chemical involved in sexual arousal. And two, phenyethylamine, a stimulant.

So the kind of food we gorge upon can do wonders with our sex life. Right food can make you positively sexual.

--
Y.Chandrasekhar Gupta

Five Healthy Foods to Eat at your Workstation

2011-09-14T22:44:00.001+05:30

Five Healthy Foods to Eat at your Workstation

We've all heard it times and again that sitting all day long at the desk isn't really good for the health. Sadly, there aren't any feasible alternatives to this mode of working. While you can't just leave your job, you can surely do something which is beneficial for your health. Eating the right kind of fruits can help you overcome the negative effects of sitting like a robot all day.

Here are five power foods you can enjoy while sitting at your desk. They can work wonders for your heart, blood pressure, and can even improve your memory and concentration.

Walnuts

Some new researches have pointed out that walnuts have more (and better quality) antioxidants than almonds, peanuts, pistachios and many other nuts. All nuts have been found to improve lipids and can reduce the risk of heart diseases. Walnuts have also been found to enhance cognitive and motor function in animals with Alzheimer's. Experts recommend seven walnuts a day.

Cup of Green Tea

Polyphenols, one of the major ingredients of green tea, is known to help repair the damaged DNA and stimulate the immune system. Besides, research shows that green tea also helps in reducing the risk of cancers, including skin cancer and prostate cancer.

Popcorn

If there ever was a list of healthy snacks, this is definitely going to be on the list. In fact, many say that popcorn is the healthiest snack available. It is 100 percent whole grain and is big on fiber and antioxidants. If you can air-pop your popcorn and add a minimal quantity of salt, you'd have the best popcorn, say experts. If your office has a microwave, just make sure you bring a pack of low sodium popcorn to work.

Dark Chocolate

This, too, contains those powerful antioxidants called Polyphenols which combat the risk factors (like oxidation of LDL cholesterol) for heart diseases and also inhibit clotting. Studies have also indicated that consuming a small bar of dark chocolate daily can reduce blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. Caffeine, another active ingredient of dark chocolate, can give you that much-required kick and a boost in concentration levels.

Fruits

Not only they help you conquer that "false hunger", they are also brimming with nutrients which are needed to keep you going all day. You can choose between apples, bananas, mangoes, oranges, papayas etc. but make sure you carry some fruits to the office on a daily basis.

--
Y.Chandrasekhar Gupta

13 Food Types for Healthy Hair

2011-09-14T22:43:00.001+05:30

13 Food Types for Healthy Hair

Balding Man Remedies

When your hair starts falling off like dry straws, what can you do?

Well, panicking and running around to expensive salons for hair treatment might seem a brilliant idea, but the truth is that you can manage to get a hold of the situation back at your home alone.

First, it would help to locate the various reasons for hair loss. Studies have revealed that men lose hair for some common reasons, like:

Improper diet,
Lack of proper vitamins,
Genetic factors,
Excessive stress, anxiety and worries,
Prolonged illnesses like typhoid, anemia, dysentery, jaundice etc,
Poor blood circulation, and
Unclean scalps.

Once you have located the source of your problem, it can become much easier to fight back. In desperate times like these, it would help to go completely natural. Do not trust chemical products since they might cause more harm than good. To put your panicking soul to rest, here are 15 different ways to reduce hair loss:

Take a glass of water with flaxseed (alsi) in an empty stomach. This will provide you with the omega 3 acid that you need for hair growth.
Begin every day with one amla. Women generally use hair oil made of amla to get those lustrous curls, didn't you know?
Soak 5 almonds every night in water and eat them with their skin on.
Your scalp needs nutrition. So get plenty of fluids like buttermilk, lime juice and coconut water. Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water every day!
One bowl of sprouted pulses for would be great.
Proteins. Eat chicken and egg each day.
Reduce you daily intake of tea and coffee.
When you are washing hair, use a teaspoon of lime juice for the last rinse. That make your hair lustrous while protecting it from dandruff.
You are never too old for milk. Drink two glasses of skimmed milk for maximum benefits.
Apply a paste of methi seeds on your scalp for half an hour once every week, and drink methi water on empty stomachs.
Remember how the age old sadhus survived on fruits? No wonder that they had such long hair! Eat at least 2 or 3 fruits every day like strawberries, bananas, apples, mangoes, chikoos, and grapes.
Go green- eat a lot of vegetables, munch away on that iron laden spinach.
It is better to have more faith in white meat. Fish, chicken and egg can do wonders for your hair! Try to stay away from red meat.

Hair loss is more common in case of men than women. And you always did wonder whether gender difference worked out better for women, right? Follow these principles to the boots, and you would see satisfactory results soon enough!

--
Y.Chandrasekhar Gupta

INDIA needs you! Do you care?

2011-07-11T17:30:00.001+05:30

Our Nation is crying...
Crime, Corruption, Death, Scandals, Violence, Rape, Scams is all that they speak of our INDIA! It's high time to do your bit for the Nation.

Join AwakIND's Revolutionary journey today, Let us build the Nation together,
Click here to join (www.AwakIND.com ).

The time is NOW! Stop being the spectator, be the doer!

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Team AwakIND
"An Awakened INDIAN"

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Also Follow us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/AwakIND (Over 503,111+ Awake INDIANs)

Click here to unsubscribe

STUDENT SAFETY SERVICES

2010-12-11T18:26:00.001+05:30

STUDENT SAFETY SERVICES

Developed by Om Shanthi Safety Software Solutions

VISION & MISSION:

"OMCARD" is an exciting information resources to greatly benefit schools by streamlining administration. Teachers can be released from the important yet trivial administrative tasks to concentrate more on teaching and learning. Also through the innovative method of actual signature e-mail and sms, school, college information can be transmitted between the parents and schools securely and reliably through the internet.

ATTENDANCE EVALUATION SYSTEM: Attendance surveillance are traditionally important yet trivial administrative tasks of the teachers' daily duties. Instead of performing these duties in person the "OMCARD" system will automate and streamline the information so that teachers can be released from the pressure of the workload and concentrate more on learning and teaching.

CHARACTERISTICS OF OM CARD: Only the student ID number is present on the card surface. Cards can be customised with school name & logo.

REAL TIME SURVEILLANCE OF ATTENDANCE ONLINE ESPECIALLY ON ARRIVAL AND LEAVING TIME: Teachers as well as parents can check on the attendance(both status and records) of each student at anytime and anywhere so timely corrective action can be taken.

ARRIVING: Each student wears a tag with unique ID .When he enters the gate, reader nearby detect tag ID immediately and upload information to system to inform his/her parents

LEAVING:When student leave school and college, the reader nearby detects tag ID immediately and upload information to system to inform the parents.

MULTIFACETD SUMMARY REPORTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS:

* Daily report enables timely follow up while monthly report helps overall analysis

* The System automatically generates reports on abnormal multi-days absence to enable timely follow-up on the students.

* Data are displayed for easy viewing, charts and graphs for easy understanding.

* Reports can be exported as CSV files.

ATTENDANCE SURVEILLANCE FOR TEACHING STAFF:
Besides recording arrival as well as departure times it can provide an overview of the attendance status of all teaching staff to facilitate timely adjustment of allocation.

WE INSURE YOUR CHILD
* Accidental death benefit insurance up to Rs.1,00,000/-
* Free SMS facility for School/College up to 5000
* for these total benefits and services we are charging Rs.599/-(per annum) (per student) only

KEY FACTS:

* Keep parents always connected to children and school/college.
* Student Care in the school/college premises.
* Make you tension-free and time-saving most of the times in your busy life.
* Create better communication between parents and management.
* Applicable to all Educational Institutions.

SERVICE TARIFF: Charges Per Student Per Year is Rs.599/-only for the following Package and services.
1. Digital ID Omcard
2.Insurance
3. caretaker(above 2000 students)
4. School website
5. Parent Login ID
6. Teacher Login ID
7. Call Center services
8. Free SMS up to 5000 .
9. Data base management

SAFETY MATTERS TO ALL**********YES WE SECURED NOW

All the educational institutions and parents are requesting to join your children and utilize the advantages of the OMCARD.

ASSURING SAFETY******PURSUING GROWTH******BUILDING TRUST

--
Y.Chandrasekhar Gupta

How to Configure IIS to Host my Web Page

2010-12-02T17:02:00.001+05:30

How to Configure IIS to Host my Web Page

IIS (Internet Information Services) is an easy-to-use web server from Microsoft. IIS is not installed on Windows XP Professional by default. It is however installed when you upgrade from Windows NT or Windows 2000 to Windows XP Pro. If not installed IIS can be installed as follows:

Click Start, click Control Panel, and double-click Add/Remove Programs. The Add/Remove Programs application starts.
In the left column of the Add/Remove Programs dialog box, click Add/Remove Windows Components.
When the Windows Components Wizard appears, click Next.
In the Windows Components list, select IIS.
Click Next, and follow the instructions.

IIS allows you to host a web page on your own computer that can be accessed by others using the DNS name or the IP address of the PC on the network. The IP address can be found by using the command ipconfig in command prompt.

The IIS is configured using the IIS snap-in, previously called the Internet Services Manager. This can be accessed in one of three ways:

Method 1:

From the Start menu, select Settings and then Control Panel
Open Administrative Tools
Open Internet Information Services

Method 2:

Right click on My Computer on your desktop
Select Manage to open the Computer Management console
Select Internet Information Services under Services and Applications

Method 3:

From the Start menu, select Run
Type inetmgr and run the command

The Internet Information Services snap-in provides server management options to control content and access to your Web or FTP sites. For example, if you are a developer testing a site before uploading it to an intranet or the Internet, you can use this tool to test your settings exactly as they will be on the final server. When the IIS is installed a default Web site and FTP site are created. You can now publish information on these default sites by following the steps outlined below:

To Publish Content on your Web Site

Create a home page for your Web site using any web page design tool
Name your home page file Default.htm or Default.asp
Copy your home page into the default Web publishing directory for IIS also called the home directory located in \inetpub\wwwroot
If your network has a name resolution system (typically DNS), then visitors can simply type your computer name in the address bar of their browsers to reach your site. If your network does not have a name resolution system, visitors must type the numerical IP address of your computer.

To Publish Content on your FTP Site

Copy or move your files into the default FTP publishing directory. The default directory provided by Setup is \inetpub\ftproot.
If your network has a name resolution system (typically DNS), then visitors can type ftp:// followed by your computer name in the address bar of their browsers to reach your site. If your network does not have a name resolution system, visitors must type ftp:// and the numerical IP address of your computer.

Using Windows XP Professional you can host one Web site and one FTP site on a single computer. If you would like to host multiple Web or FTP sites on a single computer, consider upgrading to a server product.

--
Y.Chandrasekhar Gupta

Books

2010-10-08T09:50:00.003+05:30

2010-10-07T16:09:00.000+05:30

Blue Tooth Software(ivt Bluesoiel)

2010-02-10T07:58:00.004+05:30

IVT Bluesoleil 6.4
IVT Bluesoleil 6.4.249 x32 x64 + Keygen

BlueSoleil 6 is one of the most popular and professional Windows-based Bluetooth application, emerging from IVT by great innovation and independence, fulfilling all demands of an integrated wirelessly accessed a wide variety ofBluetooth enabled digital devices, such as mobile phones, headsets, printers, keyboards and so on. You can also form networks and exchange data with otherBluetooth enabled computers.

38 MB Click here to download

Norton Utilities -NEW

2010-02-10T07:53:00.003+05:30

Norton Utilities 14.0
Norton Utilities 14.0 + Trail Reset

Norton Utilities is an application suite that will provide you with the essential tools you need to optimize the performance of your Personal Computer. It finds and fixes broken registry links and damaged files, frees up disk space, reclaims system memory, accelerates startup time, and boosts application and system performance. It opens applications faster, and lets you run more of them simultaneously.Norton Utilities can help make your PC will run like new again.

22 Mb Click here to download

C Cleaner -------- LATEST

2010-02-10T07:49:00.002+05:30

CCleaner 2.28
CCleaner 2.28.1091

CCleaner (Crap Cleaner) is a freeware system optimisation tool. That removes unused and temporary files from your system - allowing it to run faster, more efficiently and giving you more hard disk space. The best part is that it's fast! (normally taking less that a second to run) and Free.

3 MB Click here to download

Buid Your Desktop

2010-02-10T05:01:00.007+05:30

BumpTop Pro 1.50
BumpTop Pro 1.50 + Patch

BumpTop is a fun, intuitive, 3D desktop that keeps you organized and makes you more productive. It combines the look and feel of a real desk with the power of your PC. You can pile yourfiles, flip through websites and toss your photos up to Twitter or Facebook quickly and easily, right from your desktop. Advanced search and sort capabilities make sure you can find your files when you need them. Personalize your desktop with custom themes, sticky notes and photo slideshows and turn your desktop into a useful, fun space instead of a graveyard of lost or forgotten files.

14 MB Click here to Download

USB Safe Remove

USB Safely Remove 4.2.5
USB Safely Remove 4.2.5.879 + Serial

USB Safely Remove is a powerful and handy manager of peripheral devices. First of all it replaces native Safely Remove Hardware tool and significantly improves safe removal function: it gives an opportunity to hide any device out of sight, to rename devices, to disconnect them with a keyboard shortcut and it displays which program prevent devices from being stopped. Next, it allows to manage letters of USB drives: to change drive letters easily, mount drives as NTFS folders and allows to automatically hide card reader drives which does not contain a media inserted. The program will be useful and saves much time for those people who often uses more than one USB device, or has a card reader.

3.5 MB Click here to download

Get Back Your Data for FAT and NTFS

GetDataBack 4.0
GetDataBack for FAT & NTFS V4.00

GetDataBack is highly advanced data-recovery software that will help you to get your data back when your drive's partition table, boot record, Master File Table, or root directory is corrupted or lost, when a virus hits the drive, when files have been deleted, when the drive has been formatted, or when the drive has been struck by a power failure. GetDataBack can even recover your data when the drive is no longer recognized by the operating system or not only the root directory but all directory information is lost.

5.5 MB Click here to download

Focusing Images

Alien Skin Bokeh 1.0
Alien Skin Bokeh 1.0.0.174

Alien Skin Bokeh you can manipulate focus just like fast expensive lenses, Alien Skin's lens simulator Photoshop plug-in. Bokeh can draw attention to your subject by manipulating focus and depth of field after the shot has been taken. From changing the depth of field to placing a radial sweet spot and adding a vignette, Bokeh provides many techniques for realistic blurring and altering the mood of a scene.

10 MB Click here to download

IDM 5.14 with patch

2010-02-10T05:00:00.000+05:30

Click here to download

Internet Download Manager is an effective tool for downloading files (any type) from internet trough which we can manage the downloading i.e., we can stop download and continue it after wards and else, much more functions are available in it which are very helpful in downloading multiple files at a time

TuneUp Utilities 2010

2010-02-07T17:53:00.000+05:30

Click here to download

TuneUp is an effective s/w by which we can manage all the pc problems and can delete unnecessary files and backups .We can also manage networking problems and increase our PC performance too

TVU player

2010-02-07T07:57:00.003+05:30

Click here to download

TVU player is a s/w application in which we can see live TELEVISION by just connecting to INTERNET only. It supports many of the international channels including our telugu channels (not ALL channels)

4-2 External Papers

2010-02-05T19:12:00.001+05:30

NMS                       CLICK1 to dnld from MU and CLICK2 to dnld from ZIDDU

MD                         CLICK1 to dnld from MU and CLICK2 to dnld from ZIDDU

BI                CLICK1 to dnld from MU and CLICK2 to dnld from ZIDDU
--
Gupta

4-2 External Papers

2010-02-05T18:06:00.001+05:30

Management Science                         CLICK 1 to download from MissUpload and CLICK 2 to download from ZIDDU

Design Patterns                           CLICK 1 to download from MissUpload and CLICK 2 to download from ZIDDU

Biometrics                             CLICK 1 to download from MissUpload and CLICK 2 to download from ZIDDU

--
Gupta

4-2 Material

2010-02-04T16:00:00.002+05:30

D.P MID 1 slides

file1 $$$$$ f1_ziddu

file2 $$$$$ f2_ziddu

file3 $$$$$ f3_ziddu

file4 $$$$$ f4_ziddu

UNIT 2 $$$$$ U2_ziddu

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UNIT 4 $$$$$ U4_ziddu

4-2 online BITS

2010-02-03T23:07:00.005+05:30

Management Science mid 1----Ziddu

M.S Mid2 bits

Management Science ----- MissUpload

4-1 related subjects

2009-11-09T02:30:00.000+05:30

LAB Programs

ES Lab Programs

MMAD Programs

IS Material------------------LATEST

****Information Security Slides****

$$$$ 4-1 EXTERNAL PAPERS $$$$

Multimedia and Application Development

Software Project Management

Mobile Computing

Embeded Systems

$$$$------------------------------$$$$

Image Processing

Mobile Computing

Embeded Systems

8051 Micro Controller- AYALA

IP material and External papers

2009-11-06T23:24:00.000+05:30

SOLUTIONS to Problems in Gonjalez book (given in previous papers)

CLICK HERE to Download

UNIT 1

UNIT 5

UNIT 4

UNIT 2

UNIT 3

EXTERNAL PAPERS

IP REGULAR

IP SUPPLY

4-1 @ MID ONLINE bits----------------NEW

2009-10-18T13:34:00.000+05:30

Embeded Systems

Software Project Management

Information Security

Image processing

Multimedia and application Development

Mobile Computing

DIP Online Bits

2009-08-27T18:05:00.000+05:30

CliCk HerE To DoWn LoaD

Kaspersky Keys-2010

2009-08-18T23:16:00.000+05:30

CliCk HeRe to DownLoad

Clean your computer

2009-08-18T23:09:00.000+05:30

I have a dirty secret. I've never cleaned my computer. Sure, I've dusted my monitor, but I haven't taken off the cover or tried to reach the crumbs lurking inside my keyboard.

"Your computer could fry if you don't keep it clean," says Jonathon Millman, chief technology officer for Hooplah Interactive.

Dust clogs the vents behind your computer, which causes your CPU to heat up—and heat is the biggest cause of component failure in computers. Regular cleaning could save you costly maintenance fees down the road.

Keep your computer in tip-top shape by following Millman's guide to a spotless computer system.

Preparation
You'll need:

•screwdriver

•can of compressed air (available from computer dealers or office-supply stores)

•cotton swabs (do not use a cotton ball)

•rubbing alcohol

•paper towels or anti-static cloths

•water

Always turn your computer off before you begin and unplug all the cords.

Step 1: Inside the case
Using a screwdriver, remove the side of the case that's opposite your motherboard. Touch as little as possible inside the computer, keeping fingers away from cards and cords.

Blow air around all of the components and along the bottom of the case, keeping the nozzle four inches away from the machine. Blow air into the power supply box and into the fan (from the back of the case). Lastly, blow air into the floppy disk and CD drives. Wipe the inside of the cover with a lightly moistened cloth before replacing it.

Millman recommends doing this every three months if your case sits on the floor, if you have pets that shed, or if you smoke. Otherwise, every six to eight months is fine.

Step 2: Outside the case
Run a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol around all of the openings on the back of your case. Give them one swipe with the damp end of the swab and one swipe with the dry end. Do this as often as you clean the inside of your computer.

Step 3: Keyboard
Turn the keyboard upside down and gently shake it. Most of the crumbs and dust will fall out. Take a can of compressed air and blow into and around the keys. Next, take a cotton swab and dip it in rubbing alcohol. It should be damp, but not wet. Run the cotton swab around the outside of the keys. Rub the tops of the keys. If you have a laptop, follow the same procedure but take extra care with your machine. Do this monthly.

Spills — If you have kids, you're worried about spills. If it happens, disconnect the keyboard immediately and flip it over. Blot the top with a paper towel, blow compressed air between the keys and leave it to air dry overnight. For laptops, liquid can easily penetrate the hard drive so turn the computer over immediately and leave it in that position until it dries.

Step 4: Mouse
Rub the top and bottom of your mouse with a paper towel dipped in rubbing alcohol. Open the back and remove the ball. Wash the ball with water and let it air dry. To clean inside the mouse, dip a cotton swab in rubbing alcohol and rub all of the components. Scrape hard-to-remove grime with your fingernail. Finally, blow air into the opening. Replace the ball and the cover. Do this monthly.

Step 5: Monitor
Moisten a paper towel or a soft, lint-free cloth with water. (You can also buy monitor cleaning products at computer-supply stores.) Don't spray liquid directly onto the screen—spray the cloth instead. Wipe the screen gently to remove dust and fingerprints. Never touch the back of the monitor.

For laptop screens, Millman suggests buying a special cleaning solution available at computer stores. Do this weekly.

Finally, make sure that everything is dry before you plug your computer back in.

Article written by Alyson Munroe and adapted from an original piece from Microsoft Home Magazine.

LAST 10 YEARS GATE QUESTION PAPERS ECE,CSE,IT,EEE,MECH

2009-08-14T08:00:00.000+05:30

ELECTRONIC AND COMMUNICATION

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER SCIENCE

MECHANICAL

Hill cipher analysis

2009-06-21T11:52:00.000+05:30

The Hill cipher as discussed in the book on cryptography by William Stallings uses a square matrix K as a key in the encryption process. During decryption, however the inverse of the key matrix K is used. The author's explanation of finding out the inverse under modulo 26 is insufficient. Thus, in this article I will show you how to find out the inverse. In page 56 of the book the example matrix K is:

17 17 05
21 18 21
02 02 19

Finding the inverse of a matrix can be illustrated as a three step process:

1.Replace the original elements by the adjoint of that element in the matrix,
2.Transpose the matrix,
3.Divide every element by the determinant of the original matrix.

The adjoint of an element is the determinant of the submatrix that is formed on deleting the row and column in which the element. For example adjoint of 17 in the above matrix is:

(18*19)-(21*2)=300

Similarly on calculating the adjoint of other elements we get the following:

+300 -357 +006
-313 +313 +000
+267 -252 -051

We now transpose the above matrix to get the following:

+300 -313 +267
-357 +313 -252
+006 +000 -051

The determinant of the original matrix is -939. Now this is where hill cipher differs because all arithmetic must be done mod 26. The modulo operation can be defined as:

x mod y = x - y * floor(x/y)

Here floor(x) is the greatest integer lesser than or equal to x. Thus floor(13.5) is 13 and floor(-13.5) is -14. Thus,

-939 mod 26 = -939 - 26 * floor(-939/26) = 23.

Thus the final step now is to find the multiplicative inverse of 23 under mod 26 and multiply the result with every element of the transposed adjoint matrix. Suppose if the multiplicative inverse of 23 is x then by the definition of multiplicative inverse 23*x = 1 mod 26. That is if 23 is multiplied by x and then divided by 26 to yield a remainder of 1 then x is said to be the multiplicative inverse of 23 under mod 26.

Thus we need to find x such that:
23 * x = 1 mod 26.

This is equivalent to:
23 * x - 26 * y = 1 .........(1)

Here both x and y are integers.

Dividing (1) by 2 we get,
12*x - x/2 - 13*y = 1/2 .........(2)

This can be rewritten as:
12*x - 13*y -(x+1)/2 = 0 ..........(3)

The quantity (x+1)/2 must be and integer say 't'. Then x = 2t-1.

Substituting for x in (1) we get,

46*t - 23 - 26*y = 1
or
46*t - 26 *y = 24
or
23*t-13*y= 12.

Now we start subsituting values for t starting from 1 until y is an integer.
For ex, if t=1 above then y = 11/13 which is not an integer. We see that when t=9 then y=15 an integer.

Thus we have,
23*x-26*15=1
or
x = 391/15 = 17.

Thus 17 is the multiplicative inverse of -939 under mod 26.

Now 300 (which is the adjoint of the first element of the original matrix i.e. 17) must be mulitplied by the multiplicative inverse of -939.

300 * 17 = 5100.

5100 mod 26 = 4. The first element of the inverse matrix. Other elements of the inverse matrix can be found similarly. The inverse matrix is thus:

04 09 15
15 17 06
24 00 17.

Thank you for reading. Hope you have gained a better understanding of the Hill cipher.

3-2 Online Bits---LATEST

2009-03-29T08:14:00.000+05:30

All Subject's in single DOWNLOAD CliCk hErE

Human Conputer Interaction

UNIX

DataMining and DataWarehousing

Software Testing Methodologies

E-Commerce

Middle Ware Technologies

MT Workshop Material

2009-03-16T07:24:00.000+05:30

link 1:

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3879445/asp2.rar.html

link 2:

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3879444/LBRCE.rar.html

link 3:

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3879443/Session1_UpgradeToAjax.rar.html

link 4:

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3879425/ASP1.rar.html

link 5:

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3879424/Demos.rar.html

link 6:

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3879423/MSDNASP.NETNov03.rar.html

MT assignment-3

2009-03-15T08:02:00.000+05:30

Cross Language Integration:
http://www.ziddu.com/download/3869285/CLI.rar.html

First 3 questions:
http://www.ziddu.com/download/3869286/mt.rar.html

ProJecT's

2009-02-16T07:39:00.000+05:30

1VOICE_OVER_INTERNET_PROTOCOL

html

PPT's

2009-02-15T21:53:00.000+05:30

aka

Position-Based_Routing

Automated_Authentication_of_Identity_Documents

Multicast_Routing_Algorithms_and_Protocols

MT Prg's

2009-02-15T21:44:00.000+05:30

LATEST(polymorphism,inheritence_using base,windows application)

MT LAB Programs

2009-02-14T07:04:00.000+05:30

http://rapidshare.com/files/197824586/MWTlab.rar

these r some of the mt lab prg's which are given in our syllabus book

WinRAR full 4.6 with crack

2009-02-10T08:20:00.000+05:30

http://rapidshare.com/files/196119395/WinRar_Full_4.6_Version_With_Crack.rar

Java 6.0

2009-02-10T08:17:00.000+05:30

http://rapidshare.com/files/196119389/jdk-6.rar

this is to install java into u'r system ....vista users need to use this as the previous versions donot support vista .... EnJoY

One_Click_UNIX_software.rar

2009-02-10T08:08:00.000+05:30

http://rapidshare.com/files/196119391/One_Click_UNIX_software.rar

download this and install then u need not install any UNIX o.s for it's terminal.. u'll get a terminal in the windows it self by installing it.....EnJoy

MT LAB PRGM'S

2009-02-08T20:52:00.000+05:30

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3078672/MWTlab.rar.html

click this link to download our MT lab program's

mid-2 ONLINE

2009-02-06T17:13:00.000+05:30

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3425542/mid2.rar.html

Team Viewer

2009-02-05T20:08:00.000+05:30

http://rapidshare.com/files/194252920/TeamViewer_Setup.exe
by this u can handle other system using internet

Enemy Engaged

2009-02-05T16:37:00.000+05:30

http://rapidshare.com/files/192374819/akhareshe.info_Enemy_Engaged_2_D_O_09.part1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/192372595/akhareshe.info_Enemy_Engaged_2_D_O_09.part2.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/192372546/akhareshe.info_Enemy_Engaged_2_D_O_09.part3.rar
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2009-02-05T16:28:00.000+05:30

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2009-02-05T16:25:00.000+05:30

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2009-02-05T16:08:00.000+05:30

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2009-02-05T15:40:00.000+05:30

http://rapidshare.com/files/194170511/MWT.txt.html - OLD

REMOVING USERNAME IN THE STARTMENU

2008-08-24T06:57:00.000+05:30

Open Registry Editor Then Go To : "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer".
On The Right, Make A New Entry With Right Click On Your Mouse Then Choose "New | DWORD Value" Change The Entry's Name Into "NoUserNameInStartMenu", Double Click In The New Entry And Fill The "Value Data" With "1". Press OK, Exit From The Registry Editor. Restart Your Computer.

Why hibernate option is not available

2008-08-24T06:53:00.001+05:30

The hybrid sleep feature and the hibernation feature in Windows Vista may become unavailable after you use the Disk Cleanup Tool
View products that this article applies to.

SYMPTOMS
After you use the Disk Cleanup Tool in Windows Vista, you may experience the following symptoms:
• You cannot see the Hibernate option in Power Options.
• When you use the sleep feature, the computer does not recover its settings if power is lost.

CAUSE
This problem occurs when the Disk Cleanup Tool disables the hibernation file. The hibernation file must be enabled to access the hybrid sleep feature and the hibernation feature in Windows Vista.

When the hibernation file is disabled, and the hybrid sleep feature is enabled, a backup of open programs and open files will not be saved to the disk when you use the sleep feature in Windows Vista. Additionally, if the computer loses power while the Windows is in sleep mode, open programs and open files will not be recovered, and any unsaved work will be lost.

RESOLUTION
To resolve this problem in Windows Vista, run the powercfg -h on command at a command prompt to enable the hibernate feature and the hybrid sleep feature. To run this command, follow these steps:
1. Click Start Start button , click All Programs, and then click Accessories.
2. Right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator. User Account Control permission If you are prompted for an administrator password or for confirmation, type the password, or click Continue.
3. Type powercfg -h on, and then press ENTER.

Possible "RUN" commands

2008-08-24T06:51:00.000+05:30

You can access all these programs by going through START/RUN.

--> SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg
--> System Configuration Editor - sysedit
--> System Configuration Utility - msconfig
--> System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)- sfc /scannow
--> System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)- sfc /scanonce
--> System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /scanboot
--> System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)- sfc /revert
--> System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)- sfc /purgecache
--> System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)-sfc/cachesize=x
--> System Information - msinfo32.
--> Task Manager – taskmgr
--> System Properties - sysdm.cpl
--> TCP Tester - tcptest
--> Telnet Client - telnet
--> User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl
--> Utility Manager - utilman
--> Windows Address Book - wab
--> Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig
--> Windows Backup Utility (if installed)- ntbackup
--> Windows Explorer - explorer
--> Windows Firewall- firewall.cpl
--> Windows Magnifier- magnify
--> Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc
--> Windows Media Player - wmplayer
--> Windows Messenger - msmsgs
--> Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)- wiaacmgr
--> Windows System Security Tool – syskey
--> Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr
--> Windows Version (to show which version of windows)- winver
--> Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart
--> Wordpad - write--> Password Properties - password.cpl
--> Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc
--> Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl
--> Phone Dialer - dialer
--> Pinball Game - pinball
--> Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl
--> Printers and Faxes - control printers
--> Printers Folder – printers
--> Private Character Editor - eudcedit
--> Quicktime (If Installed)- QuickTime.cpl
--> Real Player (if installed)- realplay
--> Regional Settings - intl.cpl
--> Registry Editor - regedit
--> Registry Editor - regedit32
--> Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone
--> Remote Desktop - mstsc
--> Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc
--> Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc
--> Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc
--> Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl
--> Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks
--> Security Center - wscui.cpl
--> Services - services.msc
--> Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc
--> Shuts Down Windows - shutdown
--> Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl
--> Spider Solitare Card Game - spider
--> Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt
--> Microsoft Access (if installed) - access.cpl
--> Microsoft Chat - winchat
--> Microsoft Excel (if installed) - excel
--> Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)- frontpg
--> Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk
--> Microsoft Paint - mspaint
--> Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt
--> Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword
--> Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync
--> Minesweeper Game - winmine
--> Mouse Properties - control mouse
--> Mouse Properties - main.cpl
--> Nero (if installed)- nero
--> Netmeeting - conf
--> Network Connections - control netconnections
--> Network Connections - ncpa.cpl
--> Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl
--> Notepad - notepad
--> Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)- nvtuicpl.cpl
--> Object Packager - packager
--> ODBC Data Source Administrator- odbccp32.cpl
--> On Screen Keyboard - osk
--> Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) - ac3filter.cpl
--> Outlook Express - msimn
--> Paint – pbrush
--> Keyboard Properties - control keyboard
--> IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfi/all
--> IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /displaydns
--> IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /flushdns
--> IP Configuration (Release All Connections)- ipconfig /release
--> IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)- ipconfig /renew
--> IP Configuration(RefreshesDHCP&Re-RegistersDNS)-ipconfig/registerdns
--> IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig/showclassid
--> IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig /setclassid
--> Java Control Panel (If Installed)- jpicpl32.cpl
--> Java Control Panel (If Installed)- javaws
--> Local Security Settings - secpol.msc
--> Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc
--> Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff.....
--> Accessibility Controls - access.cpl
--> Accessibility Wizard - accwiz
--> Add Hardware - Wizardhdwwiz.cpl
--> Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl
--> Administrative Tools control - admintools
--> Adobe Acrobat (if installed) - acrobat
--> Adobe Designer (if installed)- acrodist
--> Adobe Distiller (if installed)- acrodist
--> Adobe ImageReady (if installed)- imageready
--> Adobe Photoshop (if installed)- photoshop
--> Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl
--> Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt
--> Calculator - calc
--> Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc
--> Character Map - charmap
--> Check Disk Utility - chkdsk
--> Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd
--> Command Prompt - cmd
--> Component Services - dcomcnfg
--> Computer Management - compmgmt.msc
--> Control Panel - control
--> Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl
--> DDE Shares - ddeshare
--> Device Manager - devmgmt.msc
--> Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)- directx.cpl
--> Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag
--> Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr
--> Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc
--> Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc
--> Disk Partition Manager- diskpart
--> Display Properties- control desktop
--> Display Properties- desk.cpl
--> Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color
--> Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility- drwtsn32
--> Driver Verifier Utility- verifier
--> Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc
--> Files and Settings Transfer Tool- migwiz
--> File Signature Verification Tool- sigverif
--> Findfast- findfast.cpl
--> Firefox (if installed)- firefox
--> Folders Properties- control folders
--> Fonts- control fonts--> Fonts Folder- fonts
--> Free Cell Card Game- freecell
--> Game Controllers- joy.cpl
--> Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc
--> Hearts Card Game- mshearts
--> Help and Support- helpctr
--> HyperTerminal- hypertrm
--> Iexpress Wizard- iexpress
--> Indexing Service- ciadv.msc
--> Internet Connection Wizard- icwconn1
--> Internet Explorer- iexplore
--> Internet Setup Wizard- inetwiz
--> Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl

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2008-08-12T23:51:00.000+05:30

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2008-08-12T20:59:00.000+05:30

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What to Do If Your Computer Is Infected

2008-08-10T13:01:00.001+05:30

Sometimes even an experienced user will not realise that a computer is infected with a virus. This is because viruses can hide among regular files, or camoflage themselves as standard files. This section contains a detailed discussion of the symptoms of virus infection, how to recover data after a virus attack and how to prevent data from being corrupted by malware.
Symptoms of infection

There are a number of symptoms which indicate that your computer has been infected. If you notice "strange things" happening to your computer, namely:

* unexpected messages or images are suddenly displayed
* unusual sounds or music played at random
* your CD-ROM drive mysteriously opens and closes
* programs suddenly start on your computer
* you receive notification from your firewall that some applications have attempted to connect to the Internet, although you did not initiate this, then it is very likely that your computer has been infected by a virus

Additionally, there are some typical symptoms which indicate that your computer has been infected via email:

* your friends mention that they have received messages from your address which you know you did not send
* your mailbox contains a lot of messages without a sender's e-mail address or message header

These problems, however, may not be caused by viruses. For example, infected messages that are supposedly coming from your address can actually be sent from a different computer.

There is a range of secondary symptoms which indicate that your computer may be infected:

* your computer freezes frequently or encounters errors
* your computer slows down when programs are started
* the operating system is unable to load
* files and folders have been deleted or their content has changed
* your hard drive is accessed too often (the light on your main unit flashes rapidly)
* Microsoft Internet Explorer freezes or functions erratically e.g. you cannot close the application window

90% of the time the symptoms listed above indicate a hardware or software problem. Although such symptoms are unlikely to be caused by a virus, you should use your antivirus software to scan your computer fully.
What you should do if you notice symptoms of infection

If you notice that your computer is functioning erratically

1. Don't panic! This golden rule may prevent the loss of important data stored in your computer and help you avoid unnecessary stress.
2. Disconnect your computer from the Internet.
3. If your computer is connected to a Local Area Network, disconnect it.
4. If the computer cannot boot from the hard drive (error at startup), try to start the system in Safe Mode or from the Windows boot disk
5. Before taking any action, back up all critical data to an external drive (a floppy disk, CD, flash memory, etc.).
6. Install antivirus software if you do not have it installed.
7. Download the latest updates for your antivirus database. If possible, do not use the infected computer to download updates, but use a friend's computer, or a computer at your office, an Internet cafe, etc. This is important because if you are connected to the Internet, a virus can send important information to third parties or may try to send itself to all email addresses in your address book. You may also be able to obtain updates for your antivirus software on CD-ROM from the software vendors or authorized dealers.
8. Perform a full system scan.

If no viruses are found during a scan

If no viruses are found during the scan and the symptoms that alarmed you are classifed, you probably have no reason to worry. Check all hardware and software installed in your computer. Download Windows patches using Windows Update. Deinstall all unlicensed software from your computer and clean your hard drives of any junk files.
If viruses are found during a scan

A good antivirus solution will notify you if viruses are found during a scan, and offer several options for dealing with infected objects.

In the vast majority of cases, personal computers are infected by worms, Trojan programs, or viruses. In most cases, lost data can be successfully recovered.

1. A good antivirus solution will provide the option to disinfect for infected objects, quarantine possibly infected objects and delete worms and Trojans. A report will provide the names of the malicious software discovered on your computer.
2. In some cases, you may need a special utility to recover data that have been corrupted. Visit your antivirus software vendor's site, and search for information about the virus, Trojan or worm which has infected your computer. Download any special utilities if these are available.
3. If your computer has been infected by viruses that exploit Microsoft Outlook Express vulnerabilities, you can fully clean your computer by disinfecting all infected objects, and then scanning and disinfecting the mail client's databases. This ensures that the malicious programs cannot be reactivated when messages which were infected prior to scanning are re-opened. You should also download and install security patches for Microsoft Outlook Express.
4. Unfortunately, some viruses cannot be removed from infected objects. Some of these viruses may corrupt information on your computer when infecting, and it may not be possible to restore this information. If a virus cannot be removed from a file, the file should be deleted.

If your computer has suffered a severe virus attack

Some viruses and Trojans can cause severe damage to your computer:

1. If you cannot boot from your hard drive (error at startup), try to boot from the Windows rescue disk. If the system can not recognize your hard drive, the virus has damaged the disk partition table. In this case, try to recover the partition table using scandisk, a standard Windows program. If this does not help, contact a computer data recovery service. Your computer vendor should be able to provide contact details for such services.

If you have a disk management utility installed, some of your logical drives may be unavailable when you boot from the rescue disk. In this case, you should disinfect all accessible drives, reboot from the system hard drive and disinfect the remaining logical drives.

2. Recover corrupted files and applications using backup copies after you have scanned the drive containing this data.

Diagnosing the problem using standard Windows tools

Although this is not recommended unless you are an experience user, you may wish to:

* check the integrity of the file system on your hard drive (using CHKDSK program) and repair file system errors. If there are a large number of errors, you must backup the most important files to removable storage media before fixing the errors
* scan your computer after booting from the Windows rescue disk
* use other standard Windows tools, for example, the scandisk utility

For more details on using these utilities, refer to the Windows Help topics.
If nothing helps

If the symptoms described above persist even after you have scanned your computer, and checked all installed hardware and software and your hard drive using Windows utilities, you should send a message with a full description of the problem to your antivirus vendor's technical support department.

Some antivirus software developers will analyse infected files submitted by users.
After you have eradicated the infection

Once you have eradicated the infection, scan all disks and removable storage media that may be infected by the virus.

Make sure that you have appropriately configured antivirus software installed on your computer.

Practice safe computing.

All of these measures will help prevent your computer getting infected in the future.

Spam - What exactly is it?

2008-08-10T13:00:00.001+05:30

In order to combat spam effectively it is necessary to define exactly what spam is.

Most people believe that spam is unsolicitied email. However, this definition is not entirely correct and confuses some types of legitimate business correspondence with true spam.

Spam is anonymous, unsolicited bulk email.

This is the description that is being used today in the USA and Europe as a basis for the creation of anti-spam legislation. Let's take a closer look at each component of the definition:

* Anonymous: real spam is sent with spoofed or harvested sender addresses to conceal the actual sender.
* Mass mailing: real spam is sent in mass quantities. Spammers make money from the small percentage of recipients that actually respond, so for spam to be cost-effective, the initial mails have to be high-volume.
* Unsolicited: mailing lists, newsletters and other advertising materials that end users have opted to receive may resemble spam but are actually legitimate mail. In other words, the same piece of mail can be classed as both spam and legitimate mail depending on whether or not the user elected to receive it.

It should be highlighted that the words 'advertising' and 'commercial' are not used to define spam.

Many spam messages are neither advertising nor any type of commercial proposition. In additon to offering goods and services, spam mailings can fall into the following categories:

* Political messages
* Quasi-charity appeals
* Financial scams
* Chain letters
* Fake spam being used to spread malware

Unsoliticited but legitimate messages

A legitimate commercial proposition, a charity appeal, an invitation addressed personally to an existing recipient or a newsletter can certainly be defined as unsolicited mail, but not as spam. Legitimate messages may also include delivery failure messages, misdirected messages, messages from system administrators or even messages from old friends who have previously not corresponded with the recipient by email. Unsolicited - yes. Unwanted - not necessarily.
How to deal with spam

Because unsolicited correspondence may be of interest to the recipient, a quality antispam solution should be able to distinguish between true spam (unsolicited, bulk mailing) and unsolicited correspondence. This kind of mail should be flagged as 'possible spam' so it can be reviewed or deleted at the recipient's convenience.

Companies should have a spam policy, with system administrators assessing the needs of different departments. Access to different unsolicited mail folders should be given to different user groups based on this assessment. For instance, the travel manager may well want to read travel ads, whereas the HR department may wish to see all invitations to seminars and training sessions.

Ways to Avoid Spam

2008-08-10T12:58:00.001+05:30

Ten Ways to Avoid Spam

1.Maintain at least two email addresses. You should use your private address only for personal correspondence. The public address should be the one you use to register on public forums, in chat rooms, to subscribe to mailing lists etc.

2.Never publish your private address on publicly accessible resources.

3.Your private address should be difficult to spoof. Spammers use combinations of obvious names, words and numbers to build possible addresses. Your private address should not simply be your first and last name. Be creative and personalize your email address.

4.If you have to publish your private address electronically, mask it to avoid having it harvested by spammers. Joe.Smith@yahoo.com is easy to harvest, as is Joe.Smith at yahoo.com. Try writing Joe-dot-Smith-at-yahoo-dot-com instead. If you need to publish your private address on a web-site, do this as a graphics file rather than as a link.

5.Treat your public address as a temporary one. Chances are high that spammers will harvest your public address fairly quickly. Don't be afraid to change it often.

6.Always use your public address to register in forums, chat rooms and to subscribe to mailing lists and promotions. You might even consider using a number of public addresses in order to trace which services are selling addresses to spammers.

7.Never respond to spam. Most spammers verify receipt and log responses. The more you respond, the more spam you will receive.

8.Do not click on unsubscribe links from questionable sources. Spammers send fake unsubscribe letters in an attempt to collect active addresses. You certainly don't want to have your address tagged as active, do you? It will just increase the amount of spam you receive.

9.If your private address is discovered by spammers - change it. This can be inconvenient, but changing your email address does help you avoid spam - at least for a while!

10.Make sure that your mail is filtered by an antispam solution. Consider installing a personal antispam solution. Only open email accounts with providers who offer spam filtration prior to mail delivery.

Engineering zone

2008-08-10T12:10:00.000+05:30

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Gtalk trick-How to open Multiple gtalk windows???

2008-07-31T22:07:00.001+05:30

Gtalk trick-How to open Multiple gtalk windows1। Right-click GTalk shortcut and select Properties.2. The shortcut properties dialog box as shown below should popup.3. Just add /nomutex to the existing textEg: "C:\Program Files\Google\Google Talk\googletalk.exe" /nomutex4. Now you can launch multiple windows and use different ID's.Cheers!!!